![]() ![]() ![]() At the deepest point on the planet, Challenger Deep, the pressure is an incredible 15,000 pounds per square inch: the same as an elephant standing on your big toe. As researchers explore deeper, they have to contend with increasing pressure and decreasing light. Researchers first of all have to deal with surviving below the surface, using a combination of dive teams, manned submersibles, as well as a range of deep sampling tools and robotic vehicles. How do scientists research and explore underwater? Studying the deep ocean is not as simple as studying environments on land. The team was led by Oleg Gaponyuk, along with adventurer and photographer Denis Efremov, who brought to the project extensive experience with unmanned aerial vehicles and-perhaps less interestingly, but just as importantly-all the necessary permits from regulatory authorities to carry out the mission. The upper reaches of the stratosphere are referred to by scientists as “near space.” That’s where the balloon would head. The stratosphere is the middle layer of the atmosphere-it lies between the lowest layer, the troposphere, and the third layer, the mesosphere, from about 10–50 km (6.2–31 miles) above Earth’s surface. ![]() The plan was to send a helium balloon carrying remote-controlled cameras to near space to take panoramic images of Earth from the stratosphere. In the summer of 2012, a team of technicians and photographers set out for a field near the town of Pereslavl-Zalesskiy, 150 km (about 93 miles) northeast of Moscow in Russia to take some pictures. ![]()
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